Watch terms
- A --
Analog Display time. Is the classic display with rotating aratatoare. With rare exceptions, watches sophisticated displays time in analog mode.
Display degrade. Relegate display is a couple minutes an hour jumped. The minutes showed through a scale effect in retrograde (reverse rotation in relation to those used a clock) and you get to zero hour, the number displayed in a window, with a rank. Then the minutes salt scale back to its beginning.
A.H.C.I. Horlogere Academie des Createurs independents. Members orologeri they are excellent, they usually exposed to a separate stand in the Watch Fair in Basel.
Number of Alternate, alternate on the hour (a / h). Orologerii unit that measures the frequency Regularly oscillating a rocker. Alternantele per hour is the semi-oscilatiilor made a rocker in an hour. An alternate is a movement pendule or body libratory limited by two extreme positions. A oscilatie a rocker or a clock (one tick) one second alternate. A typical value is 28,800 per hour for alternate, meaning 14,000 to 14,000 of ticuri and tacuri. To calculate Regularly oscillating frequency in Hz, is divided by the number of alternate at constant 7200. Usual alternate values are 18,000 (2.5 Hz), 21600 (3 Hz) and 28800 (4 Hz). The company Zenith watches are characterized by the value of 36,000 (5 Hz).
silencer. Elastic piece whose purpose is to recover socurile which are subject pivotii axes rocker.
anchor. It is one of the most complicated parts of a mechanical clock. Anchor is made of brass or steel. It has a dual role: first to transmit power from the rocker gears in order to maintain oscilatia the end, on the other side to stop trigger uncontrolled armed mechanism.
anchor stones. Anchor whose blades are equipped with stones resistant.
Antimagnetic. A clock can be qualified as antimagnetic if he continues to function in a magnetic field of 4800 A / m and represents a departure from walking up the 30 seconds per day. Mechanisms demagnetize magnetic may be using a special device.
Autoquarz. Quartz clock with battery. A generator, angrenat of hand movement, a load capacitor which in turn feed the engine clock.
Auto. An additional responsibility armeaza clock using hand movement back to power. The first mechanism with a back with rotor was traded company Swiss Rolex. return is made only in a sense of rotation. in 1942 the manufacturer of ebose felsόt made a gear change with the speed that allowed remontarea in rotation in both directions of the rotor.
Aviator (watch). True of aviator watches are protected against magnetic fields. Many of them are cronografe, an indicator of 24 hours and a rotating glass with distance-measuring time.
- B --
rocker. Metal ring which is the regulator of any mechanical watch, along with rocker spiral. The two components in determining the highest measurement accuracy of a mechanical clock.
rocker bimetallic. Before the invention of the spiral of self-compensating rocker were used for high precision watches balansiere bimetallic compensation. They were composed of two concentric rings, the exterior of brass and the inner steel. The body was rocker section in two halves to allow uneven dilation of the two materials. Under the effect of temperature change when the inertia of the rocker and bimetallic compensate such temperature variations due to the length of the spiral steel.
Balancier of glucydur. This has replaced bimetallic rocker after rocker invention spiral of self-compensating. It is composed of an alloy of copper, which were added 3% beryllium and about 0.5% nickel. It can be recognized by its golden color and slightly different balansierele the simplest of nickel, which have silver color. Balansierele of glucydur is perfectly suited to balancing and regulating precision.
rocker Gyromax. It is an invention of the company's 1951 Patek Philippe. He admits after the 8 discs jackanapes, placed in proximity ring rocker. These elements allow a very exact adjustment Regularly oscillating frequency.
Tapes of Geneva. Decorative elegance, in the form of ondulatii a special bridging mechanisms.
Barilletul. He is the engine of any mechanical watch. It is composed of an idler and a cylindrical box, most often closed with a lid. Inside the box is infasurat responsibility, which accumulates the energy necessary for the functioning of mechanical watches.
Bicolor. Watch whose body and bracelet are made of a combination of gold and stainless steel.
bulletin went. Official document issued by specialized institutions (such as COSC), which gives a clock right to wear the "clock". The document certifying that the clock successfully passed some severe tests which refers to its accuracy of walking (gait diurnal, thermal coefficient, etc.)..
Button (poussoir). Piece that allows the command functions, for example in order cronografe start, stop and put on a zero aratatorului chronograph.
- C --
Cabochon. A precious stone that out on the dial or on the crown.
Dial light. Cadran allowing time to read even in darkness. figures for this purpose, indecsii and even aratatoarele covered with a light meal. Radios, very used in the past has been replaced with tritium, mesotorium and radiotoriul.
Calendar year. Calendar day, date, month and, in part, a monthly phases.
Calendar completely. Clock accurate indication of date, for example, March 1 or February 28.
perpetual Calendar (Quantiema perpetuate). Mechanism complex schedule regardless, without manual correction of various lengths of months, until 2100. For watches, there quantiema perpetuate in 1927 (Patek Philippe). Reinforcement manual models, produced in series there since 1941, with the automatic return of 1962. The smallest clock perpetual calendar has a diameter of 23 mm.
caliber. Define the size and shape of a mechanism and its parts. Name size enables accurate identification of the clock, for example, ordering spare parts.
size of Manufacturing. It is a certain size of companies, known manufacture, which usually produce exclusively for its own needs.
casing (box) clock. It serves to protect the clock mechanism. For watches boxes are used infiltratiilor protected against water or water leak. There are many different types of boxes (round, oval, rectangular, etc.)..
bicolora casing. Carcasa clock made from a combination of materials in steel and gold. Often the parties are only in gold plated (with a layer of gold deposited over another material).
quartz clock. Stopwatch electronic analog or digital indication that uses a quartz resonator with the basis of time. At cuarturile modern standard frequency is 32768 Hz. Precision driving standard of + / - 1 minutes per year.
Clock diver. Tight up to 200m. Scale is provided with a marker that can be read in the dark. Ring of the adjustment can only rotate in one direction is to exclude handling errors.
Clock radiocomandat. Quartz watches, automatically synchronized with emitatorul slots DCF77 signals from Mainflingen, Germany, which in turn is synchronized with an atomic clock.
Clock tight. A clock that resist Sweat, the drops of water and rain, and the penetration of water, if immersed for 30 minutes at a depth of 1 m in water. An ISO standard sets a limit debit 50μg of air per minute at a pressure difference of 3 bar. The rules for the diving watches are more severe (1 hour at a depth of 100 m).
Cloison, cloisonné. A special technique of enamelling, in which different colors are separated by a line of fine gold.
complication. A "complication" to understand more features of mechanical watches, such as chronograph, bell, clock, and others tourbillon.
Meter minutes. Contor aratatoare of watches with sport or cronografelor that allow metering minutes drained from the beginning of the measure. The most popular are 30 meters and 45 minutes. There are also 15 meters and 60 minutes. At the top of the chronograph, meter minutes and he is placed on top.
Meter hours. Characteristic of Constructive cronografe that allow metering hours drained from the beginning of the measure. in most cases they can register up to 12 hours. At the top of the chronograph, meter hours and he is placed on top.
Swiss control of precious metals. Swiss law specifies the following titres 1.8.1995. Gold: 375, 585, 750, 916, 999. Silver: 800, 925, 99. Platinum: 850, 900, 950, 999. Palladium: 500, 950, 999. The minimum thickness for a layer of gold, platinum or palladium is 5 microns, and silver for 10 microns. The name of "Coiffé or" is reserved placajelor gold of 200 microns for bratarile carcasses and watches.
Cotes de Geneve. Works ennoblement of parts of the mechanisms of value (platinum, punti)
crown. Button that allows the return of a watch, aratatoarelor adjustment and / or correction indicatiilor time. In the old days it was used for start-stop cronografelor.
COSC. Contrτle Officiel Suisse des Chronomθtres. Swiss federal authorities, with head office in Chaux-de-Fonds with branches in Bienne, Geneva and Le Locle, all tests performed official timers and issues certificates that match the accuracy of their walking. COSC stands there in 1973.
Cronograf. By means a chronograph watch with aratatoare hour and minutes, which allows a mechanism by simply pressing of buttons to start, to stop and put the indicator of zero aratatorul seconds. It shows there are usually located in the center cadranului. Time indication is not affected by the handling of party chronograph. Chronograph with two buttons to generalize since 30 years. A button allows starting and stopping aratatorului chronograph, and the second is used exclusively for bringing aratatorului zero. Cronografe measures also allow the addition, that is measuring time can be stopped and then continued from the last stop.
Stopwatch. Clock accuracy, precision, whose operation has been tested within 15 days of control by an official of orologerie (eg by COSC in Switzerland). in the five standard positions: crown left, crown up, right in the crown, dial up and dial down the deviation of the average daily walk should remain between -4 + and 6 seconds. All watches are tested at temperatures of 4 °, 20 ° and 36 °. Only watches that have passed all the tests receive a certificate and can show on the dial mention "clock".
- D --
Duration of work. Period passing from returning a complete mechanical clock to complete cessation of it.
- E --
Ebauche (ebosa). A comprehensive mechanism (platinum, punti, dintate rotate parts in steel, ...) without exhaust rocker, spiral, barillet, and dial aratatoare.
Screen. Dial indicator for electronic watches, digital display with time.
Email. Vitrificare (of a layer) in color on a metal surface, allowing protection and decoration of the latter. Enamelling technique is applied watches over 350 years. At the beginning of the century, a dial in email was a "must" for watches with pretensions; technique virtually disappeared for several decades, especially due to high costs.
Esapament. The mechanism that transmits power from the resort Regularly oscillating system to a watch with small pulses, which prevent uncontrolled rotation mechanism. On a usual frequency of the alternate 28,000 per hour, it makes you move the wheels of dintate 691,200 times a day. in four years, this corresponds to over one billion pulses, intrecand 6 times the performance of total human heart. In the long history of watches have been used many kinds of exhaust, most now being used to anchor esapamentul Swiss.
Etablissage. The production and, in part, assembling parts of a mechanism or watch the entire specialists. in other words: the division of labor in producing watches.
Etanseitate. A watch is considered tight if Sweat resistant to water and drops of rain, and the penetration of water, if immersed for 30 minutes at a depth of 1 m in water. An ISO standard sets a limit debit 50μg of air per minute at a pressure difference of 3 bar. The rules for the diving watches are more severe (1 hour at a depth of 100 m).
- F --
Phase month. Allows phase in which knowledge is stellar night, even if the sky is covered. a complication is very popular.
Frequency. The number of oscillation per unit time, measured in Hertz. In a wristwatch is the oscillating rocker, which oscillates at a frequency determined. Balansierelor standard frequencies are 3 Hz (21,600 alternate / sec), 4 Hz (28,000 a / s) and less often 5 Hz (36,000 a / s). Higher frequencies allow greater accuracy in measuring time, but may lead to increased consumption of energy and lubrication problems. Modern quartz clocks with frequency ranges from 32,768 Hz.
furniture. A clock ensemble components.
Back to top
- G --
Windows clock. In watches using four types of windows. Crystal: insensible to scratching, but very fragile. Synthetic glass: unbreakable, but zgarie easy. Mineral glass: more resistant to scratching than synthetic glass. Sapphire glass: insensible to scratching, tear-resistant, can not be processed without special equipment.
GMT. -Greenwich Mean Time. World or Universal Time (UTC) of the zero meridian at Greenwich, England. Greenwich mean time is taken as reference in navigation and international communications. Added to the model of a clock, GMT looks like it is a clock showing time zones (timezones) different.
Grand complication. Ticker or hands to be very complicated to have at least the following functions: chronograph, quantiθme perpétuel minutes and rehearsal.
Guillochet. Geometrical reasons (very fine line) or engraved machine made by hand on the case and the dial watches. When completed by hand, it makes the time to be more expensive.
- H --
Habillement. All the elements needed to manufacture a watch, except mechanism. So, among other things, housing, aratatoarele, the dial, glass, bracelet.
Haute horlogerie. Orologerie Peak, exceptional. means only the best materials, processing quality, high prices, prestige name.
sautantes heures (saritoare time). Mechanisms to which time is displayed numerically on a disc that replaces aratatorul hour.
- I -
Indication seconds. Initial indications seconds, assigned his invention Jost Bόrgi (1579), was not used to cronometrele precision. Today the second aratatorul fitted in naturally different types of watches.
Incabloc. Element of protection against shocks, produced by the company Portescap, appeared in 1933 and improved in 1938.
Auto. An additional responsibility armeaza clock using hand movement back to power. The first mechanism with a back with rotor was traded company Swiss Rolex. return is made only in a sense of rotation. in 1942 the manufacturer of ebose felsόt made a gear change with the speed that allowed remontarea in rotation in both directions of the rotor.
Return Manual. Mechanisms to which responsibility is reinforced by hand by rotating the crown.
- J --
Jewels. Name International stones that are found in an integrated mechanism.
- L --
LCD. Abbreviation for "Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal indicator. Liquid crystal films are used in digital watches with quartz, due to their ability to change the reflectivitate depending on the intensity of external field command.
Line ( 'line'). Unit of measure in traditional orologerie used to define a mechanism diameter. A line corresponds to 2255 mm.
Luneta. A ring on the case clock that surrounds the window and we cadranului above you. At cronografe telescope is often provided with a ladder, and the women sometimes watches the diamond.
- M --
manufacture. A manufacturer of watches can be defined as such only if it produced and the mechanisms used in watches products. True manufacture, with its own brand of watches are rare and can be counted on the fingers of both hands. Examples of Manufacturing: Audemard Piguet, IWC, Patek Philippe, Rolex, Zenith.
Double Mechanism. Watch two different mechanisms. This technique is used to indicate the two different timezones.
Minute. With the introduction of watches wheels dintate day civilian was divided into 24 hours of equal length. Time was divided among them in 60 minutes, based on a tradition since Babilon, which used the sexagesimal counting (the count was 60, not 10 - which corresponds to the percentage of counting).
- A --
Organ regulator. mechanical watches in the regulator consists of rocker and spiral rocker. Acting together, they provide a more regular gait as possible.
stainless steel. Alloy of different metals: steel, nickel and chrome, with the addition of molybdenum and tungsten. He is not oxidised, has a high resistance and is antimagnetic, but is relatively difficult to process.
- P --
Poincon de Geneve. This is a stamp of quality introduced in 1886. This indication may be worn only watches produced in the canton of Geneva. Regulations also prescribe a special quality of execution.
diver (watch). Tight up to 200m. Scale is provided with a marker that can be read in the dark. Ring of the adjustment can only rotate in one direction is to exclude handling errors.
Accuracy. The clock is one of the instruments for measuring the most accurate. A mechanism which deviates every day (86,400 sec) with less than 30 sec has an arithmetic error by 0035%, or, in other words, an accuracy of 99,965%. Cronometrele controlled official misconduct may have very low in the order of 0005%.
Private label. English term that designates specialized companies that produce watches for others. The process can include all phases, starting from design to delivery and marketing.
- Q --
Quantiema perpetuate (perpetual calendar). Mechanism complex schedule regardless, without manual correction of various lengths of months, until 2100. For watches quantiema perpetuate there in 1927 (Patek Philippe). Return manual models, produced in series there since 1941, with the automatic return of 1962.
- R --
Ratrapanta the chronograph. It showed an additional measure for two events that start at the same time, but have different durations. Aratatorul ratrapant is coupled in aratatorul chronograph, on the same shaft, through a supplementary mechanism, a large complex and as such very difficult to achieve. A special button allows ratrapantei stop reading and intermediate time accordingly. Next click the button has the effect of particularly fast moving aratatorului ratrapant chronograph aratatorul under which it is reached after the fly, as he continued to rotate. This operation can be repeated whenever it wants. Cronografe with ratrapanta first appeared in 1883. Watches with ratrapanta known in 1920. Mechanical watches with such a mechanism are quite rare and a special value, due to high degree of difficulty of achieving them.
adjustment. Regalarea precision of a mechanism in different positions and at different temperatures. Adjustment to a normal wristwatch, it controls the clock in two positions (dial up and crown up). It lead to differences of walking a maximum of 30 sec / day. Adjusting precision is a result of measurements in 5 different positions, and control is done at 3 different temperatures (4 °, 20 °, 36 °).
Rehaut. Edge around cadranului under glass. Can be used for submission of technical data. Currently lives in the Renaissance, being used to bring additional design elements.
Repetitie (clock). Notification acoustic elements of time. There are different repetitions. Beats a minute rehearsal hours, quarters and minutes from time. Some fight for themselves, others from pressing a button. To tell the hours and minutes example, be issued by sounds of different heights.
Resort (arc). Responsibility is the energy required to deliver other elements of the mechanical clock. He is set to barillet and bariletului tree. Since 1945 used in the manufacture of special alloys resorturilor iron-nickel-chromium, with the addition of cobalt-molybdenum-glucinium. It is collected, and strains resistant to virtually antimagnetice. They consist of a long elastic band and are run in the form of a spiral. As responsibility for dezarmeaza, torque delivered decreases, which influences the accuracy of walking. On watches with automatic winding torque remains virtually constant during the operation, if the watch is worn on a regular basis.
degrade (display). Relegate display is a couple minutes an hour jumped. The minutes showed through a scale effect in retrograde (reverse rotation in relation to those used a clock) and you get to zero hour, the number displayed in a window, with a rank. Then the minutes salt scale back to its beginning.
Book drive. Time left total return after the clock until the clock is located arc totally relaxed and the clock stops. Reserve walk can be shown in different ways on the dial.
Rubine (Jewels). Were used for the first time British orologerii to reduce friction in rotating axes and watch their great durability. Rubinele synthetic mechanisms are used to watch since 1902.
- S --
Scale tahimetrica. It is done on a scale cadranele cronografelor, which enables the determination of gear without difficulty environments. To this must be crossed a known distance, usually of one kilometer or one miles. At the point of departure, such as a terminal of mileage on the highway, is press the button chronograph, and it hit a time when the distance was covered. Chronograph Aratatorul indicate at that time the scale tahimetrica average speed with which it was covered that distance.
scale telemetry. Cronografelor scale on the dial for direct reading distance. The calculation is the difference between the speed of light (considered instantaneous) and sound. For example on the battlefield soldiers can determine the distance to the timing cannons adversaries time between light appears when you start receiving obuzului and noise caused by the explosion.
Scale hectometrica. Chronograph a scale that allows fluid flow calculation.
Schelet (clock). The dial back the clock and allow free viewing of the interior clock. Such watches parts of the mechanism are made with great care.
Secunda small (petite seconde) or peripheral second. Second look eccentric, that watches are often at 6. There are models with peripheral second at 9.
Central Secunda. Look who is second in the cadranului.
Automatic buzzer. Ring beginning to issue sound signals automatically. depending on the system, at (big bell) and the quarterfinals at (small ring) are reported to acoustic passage through those moments. Watches with automatic ring existed only about ten years.
ring with repetition. There are watches rehearsal with the quarter-hour to an optimal time to 5 minutes to one minute. Buzzer obtain their energy if they click a button and give it a sound signal, to the extent that the time required has been reached.
Spiral. It is "soul" of any mechanical watch, a resort that makes Coiled rocker to move regularly on the two directions of rotation. By variation spiral length change during oscilatiilor rocker.
Spiral autocompensator. It was invented in the early 30 and consists of an alloy of various metals intelligent which effectively compensates for variations in due to temperature fluctuations.
Spiral Breguet. -Abraham-Louis Breguet was the first to recognize the significance of a spire external necessary to "breathe" spiral and to ensure izocronismului.
Swiss Made. This designation may be used if the mechanism is in Switzerland and if in the case (emboitage) and control were made in Switzerland. A mechanism is considered Swiss if the Swiss manufacturing is at least 50% of the clock, without taking into consideration the costs mount.
- T --
Tahimetru. Scale on the dial or on a chronograph telescope, with which it can measure speed.
Tourbillon. Construction invented in 1795 by Abraham-Louis Breguet-that enables compensation errors due to the action of gravity force on the oscillating (rocker and spiral). tourbillon watch in oscillating system is placed in a cage, which rotates slowly around its axis.
- A --
Analog Display time. Is the classic display with rotating aratatoare. With rare exceptions, watches sophisticated displays time in analog mode.
Display degrade. Relegate display is a couple minutes an hour jumped. The minutes showed through a scale effect in retrograde (reverse rotation in relation to those used a clock) and you get to zero hour, the number displayed in a window, with a rank. Then the minutes salt scale back to its beginning.
A.H.C.I. Horlogere Academie des Createurs independents. Members orologeri they are excellent, they usually exposed to a separate stand in the Watch Fair in Basel.
Number of Alternate, alternate on the hour (a / h). Orologerii unit that measures the frequency Regularly oscillating a rocker. Alternantele per hour is the semi-oscilatiilor made a rocker in an hour. An alternate is a movement pendule or body libratory limited by two extreme positions. A oscilatie a rocker or a clock (one tick) one second alternate. A typical value is 28,800 per hour for alternate, meaning 14,000 to 14,000 of ticuri and tacuri. To calculate Regularly oscillating frequency in Hz, is divided by the number of alternate at constant 7200. Usual alternate values are 18,000 (2.5 Hz), 21600 (3 Hz) and 28800 (4 Hz). The company Zenith watches are characterized by the value of 36,000 (5 Hz).
silencer. Elastic piece whose purpose is to recover socurile which are subject pivotii axes rocker.
anchor. It is one of the most complicated parts of a mechanical clock. Anchor is made of brass or steel. It has a dual role: first to transmit power from the rocker gears in order to maintain oscilatia the end, on the other side to stop trigger uncontrolled armed mechanism.
anchor stones. Anchor whose blades are equipped with stones resistant.
Antimagnetic. A clock can be qualified as antimagnetic if he continues to function in a magnetic field of 4800 A / m and represents a departure from walking up the 30 seconds per day. Mechanisms demagnetize magnetic may be using a special device.
Autoquarz. Quartz clock with battery. A generator, angrenat of hand movement, a load capacitor which in turn feed the engine clock.
Auto. An additional responsibility armeaza clock using hand movement back to power. The first mechanism with a back with rotor was traded company Swiss Rolex. return is made only in a sense of rotation. in 1942 the manufacturer of ebose felsόt made a gear change with the speed that allowed remontarea in rotation in both directions of the rotor.
Aviator (watch). True of aviator watches are protected against magnetic fields. Many of them are cronografe, an indicator of 24 hours and a rotating glass with distance-measuring time.
- B --
rocker. Metal ring which is the regulator of any mechanical watch, along with rocker spiral. The two components in determining the highest measurement accuracy of a mechanical clock.
rocker bimetallic. Before the invention of the spiral of self-compensating rocker were used for high precision watches balansiere bimetallic compensation. They were composed of two concentric rings, the exterior of brass and the inner steel. The body was rocker section in two halves to allow uneven dilation of the two materials. Under the effect of temperature change when the inertia of the rocker and bimetallic compensate such temperature variations due to the length of the spiral steel.
Balancier of glucydur. This has replaced bimetallic rocker after rocker invention spiral of self-compensating. It is composed of an alloy of copper, which were added 3% beryllium and about 0.5% nickel. It can be recognized by its golden color and slightly different balansierele the simplest of nickel, which have silver color. Balansierele of glucydur is perfectly suited to balancing and regulating precision.
rocker Gyromax. It is an invention of the company's 1951 Patek Philippe. He admits after the 8 discs jackanapes, placed in proximity ring rocker. These elements allow a very exact adjustment Regularly oscillating frequency.
Tapes of Geneva. Decorative elegance, in the form of ondulatii a special bridging mechanisms.
Barilletul. He is the engine of any mechanical watch. It is composed of an idler and a cylindrical box, most often closed with a lid. Inside the box is infasurat responsibility, which accumulates the energy necessary for the functioning of mechanical watches.
Bicolor. Watch whose body and bracelet are made of a combination of gold and stainless steel.
bulletin went. Official document issued by specialized institutions (such as COSC), which gives a clock right to wear the "clock". The document certifying that the clock successfully passed some severe tests which refers to its accuracy of walking (gait diurnal, thermal coefficient, etc.)..
Button (poussoir). Piece that allows the command functions, for example in order cronografe start, stop and put on a zero aratatorului chronograph.
- C --
Cabochon. A precious stone that out on the dial or on the crown.
Dial light. Cadran allowing time to read even in darkness. figures for this purpose, indecsii and even aratatoarele covered with a light meal. Radios, very used in the past has been replaced with tritium, mesotorium and radiotoriul.
Calendar year. Calendar day, date, month and, in part, a monthly phases.
Calendar completely. Clock accurate indication of date, for example, March 1 or February 28.
perpetual Calendar (Quantiema perpetuate). Mechanism complex schedule regardless, without manual correction of various lengths of months, until 2100. For watches, there quantiema perpetuate in 1927 (Patek Philippe). Reinforcement manual models, produced in series there since 1941, with the automatic return of 1962. The smallest clock perpetual calendar has a diameter of 23 mm.
caliber. Define the size and shape of a mechanism and its parts. Name size enables accurate identification of the clock, for example, ordering spare parts.
size of Manufacturing. It is a certain size of companies, known manufacture, which usually produce exclusively for its own needs.
casing (box) clock. It serves to protect the clock mechanism. For watches boxes are used infiltratiilor protected against water or water leak. There are many different types of boxes (round, oval, rectangular, etc.)..
bicolora casing. Carcasa clock made from a combination of materials in steel and gold. Often the parties are only in gold plated (with a layer of gold deposited over another material).
quartz clock. Stopwatch electronic analog or digital indication that uses a quartz resonator with the basis of time. At cuarturile modern standard frequency is 32768 Hz. Precision driving standard of + / - 1 minutes per year.
Clock diver. Tight up to 200m. Scale is provided with a marker that can be read in the dark. Ring of the adjustment can only rotate in one direction is to exclude handling errors.
Clock radiocomandat. Quartz watches, automatically synchronized with emitatorul slots DCF77 signals from Mainflingen, Germany, which in turn is synchronized with an atomic clock.
Clock tight. A clock that resist Sweat, the drops of water and rain, and the penetration of water, if immersed for 30 minutes at a depth of 1 m in water. An ISO standard sets a limit debit 50μg of air per minute at a pressure difference of 3 bar. The rules for the diving watches are more severe (1 hour at a depth of 100 m).
Cloison, cloisonné. A special technique of enamelling, in which different colors are separated by a line of fine gold.
complication. A "complication" to understand more features of mechanical watches, such as chronograph, bell, clock, and others tourbillon.
Meter minutes. Contor aratatoare of watches with sport or cronografelor that allow metering minutes drained from the beginning of the measure. The most popular are 30 meters and 45 minutes. There are also 15 meters and 60 minutes. At the top of the chronograph, meter minutes and he is placed on top.
Meter hours. Characteristic of Constructive cronografe that allow metering hours drained from the beginning of the measure. in most cases they can register up to 12 hours. At the top of the chronograph, meter hours and he is placed on top.
Swiss control of precious metals. Swiss law specifies the following titres 1.8.1995. Gold: 375, 585, 750, 916, 999. Silver: 800, 925, 99. Platinum: 850, 900, 950, 999. Palladium: 500, 950, 999. The minimum thickness for a layer of gold, platinum or palladium is 5 microns, and silver for 10 microns. The name of "Coiffé or" is reserved placajelor gold of 200 microns for bratarile carcasses and watches.
Cotes de Geneve. Works ennoblement of parts of the mechanisms of value (platinum, punti)
crown. Button that allows the return of a watch, aratatoarelor adjustment and / or correction indicatiilor time. In the old days it was used for start-stop cronografelor.
COSC. Contrτle Officiel Suisse des Chronomθtres. Swiss federal authorities, with head office in Chaux-de-Fonds with branches in Bienne, Geneva and Le Locle, all tests performed official timers and issues certificates that match the accuracy of their walking. COSC stands there in 1973.
Cronograf. By means a chronograph watch with aratatoare hour and minutes, which allows a mechanism by simply pressing of buttons to start, to stop and put the indicator of zero aratatorul seconds. It shows there are usually located in the center cadranului. Time indication is not affected by the handling of party chronograph. Chronograph with two buttons to generalize since 30 years. A button allows starting and stopping aratatorului chronograph, and the second is used exclusively for bringing aratatorului zero. Cronografe measures also allow the addition, that is measuring time can be stopped and then continued from the last stop.
Stopwatch. Clock accuracy, precision, whose operation has been tested within 15 days of control by an official of orologerie (eg by COSC in Switzerland). in the five standard positions: crown left, crown up, right in the crown, dial up and dial down the deviation of the average daily walk should remain between -4 + and 6 seconds. All watches are tested at temperatures of 4 °, 20 ° and 36 °. Only watches that have passed all the tests receive a certificate and can show on the dial mention "clock".
- D --
Duration of work. Period passing from returning a complete mechanical clock to complete cessation of it.
- E --
Ebauche (ebosa). A comprehensive mechanism (platinum, punti, dintate rotate parts in steel, ...) without exhaust rocker, spiral, barillet, and dial aratatoare.
Screen. Dial indicator for electronic watches, digital display with time.
Email. Vitrificare (of a layer) in color on a metal surface, allowing protection and decoration of the latter. Enamelling technique is applied watches over 350 years. At the beginning of the century, a dial in email was a "must" for watches with pretensions; technique virtually disappeared for several decades, especially due to high costs.
Esapament. The mechanism that transmits power from the resort Regularly oscillating system to a watch with small pulses, which prevent uncontrolled rotation mechanism. On a usual frequency of the alternate 28,000 per hour, it makes you move the wheels of dintate 691,200 times a day. in four years, this corresponds to over one billion pulses, intrecand 6 times the performance of total human heart. In the long history of watches have been used many kinds of exhaust, most now being used to anchor esapamentul Swiss.
Etablissage. The production and, in part, assembling parts of a mechanism or watch the entire specialists. in other words: the division of labor in producing watches.
Etanseitate. A watch is considered tight if Sweat resistant to water and drops of rain, and the penetration of water, if immersed for 30 minutes at a depth of 1 m in water. An ISO standard sets a limit debit 50μg of air per minute at a pressure difference of 3 bar. The rules for the diving watches are more severe (1 hour at a depth of 100 m).
- F --
Phase month. Allows phase in which knowledge is stellar night, even if the sky is covered. a complication is very popular.
Frequency. The number of oscillation per unit time, measured in Hertz. In a wristwatch is the oscillating rocker, which oscillates at a frequency determined. Balansierelor standard frequencies are 3 Hz (21,600 alternate / sec), 4 Hz (28,000 a / s) and less often 5 Hz (36,000 a / s). Higher frequencies allow greater accuracy in measuring time, but may lead to increased consumption of energy and lubrication problems. Modern quartz clocks with frequency ranges from 32,768 Hz.
furniture. A clock ensemble components.
Back to top
- G --
Windows clock. In watches using four types of windows. Crystal: insensible to scratching, but very fragile. Synthetic glass: unbreakable, but zgarie easy. Mineral glass: more resistant to scratching than synthetic glass. Sapphire glass: insensible to scratching, tear-resistant, can not be processed without special equipment.
GMT. -Greenwich Mean Time. World or Universal Time (UTC) of the zero meridian at Greenwich, England. Greenwich mean time is taken as reference in navigation and international communications. Added to the model of a clock, GMT looks like it is a clock showing time zones (timezones) different.
Grand complication. Ticker or hands to be very complicated to have at least the following functions: chronograph, quantiθme perpétuel minutes and rehearsal.
Guillochet. Geometrical reasons (very fine line) or engraved machine made by hand on the case and the dial watches. When completed by hand, it makes the time to be more expensive.
- H --
Habillement. All the elements needed to manufacture a watch, except mechanism. So, among other things, housing, aratatoarele, the dial, glass, bracelet.
Haute horlogerie. Orologerie Peak, exceptional. means only the best materials, processing quality, high prices, prestige name.
sautantes heures (saritoare time). Mechanisms to which time is displayed numerically on a disc that replaces aratatorul hour.
- I -
Indication seconds. Initial indications seconds, assigned his invention Jost Bόrgi (1579), was not used to cronometrele precision. Today the second aratatorul fitted in naturally different types of watches.
Incabloc. Element of protection against shocks, produced by the company Portescap, appeared in 1933 and improved in 1938.
Auto. An additional responsibility armeaza clock using hand movement back to power. The first mechanism with a back with rotor was traded company Swiss Rolex. return is made only in a sense of rotation. in 1942 the manufacturer of ebose felsόt made a gear change with the speed that allowed remontarea in rotation in both directions of the rotor.
Return Manual. Mechanisms to which responsibility is reinforced by hand by rotating the crown.
- J --
Jewels. Name International stones that are found in an integrated mechanism.
- L --
LCD. Abbreviation for "Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal indicator. Liquid crystal films are used in digital watches with quartz, due to their ability to change the reflectivitate depending on the intensity of external field command.
Line ( 'line'). Unit of measure in traditional orologerie used to define a mechanism diameter. A line corresponds to 2255 mm.
Luneta. A ring on the case clock that surrounds the window and we cadranului above you. At cronografe telescope is often provided with a ladder, and the women sometimes watches the diamond.
- M --
manufacture. A manufacturer of watches can be defined as such only if it produced and the mechanisms used in watches products. True manufacture, with its own brand of watches are rare and can be counted on the fingers of both hands. Examples of Manufacturing: Audemard Piguet, IWC, Patek Philippe, Rolex, Zenith.
Double Mechanism. Watch two different mechanisms. This technique is used to indicate the two different timezones.
Minute. With the introduction of watches wheels dintate day civilian was divided into 24 hours of equal length. Time was divided among them in 60 minutes, based on a tradition since Babilon, which used the sexagesimal counting (the count was 60, not 10 - which corresponds to the percentage of counting).
- A --
Organ regulator. mechanical watches in the regulator consists of rocker and spiral rocker. Acting together, they provide a more regular gait as possible.
stainless steel. Alloy of different metals: steel, nickel and chrome, with the addition of molybdenum and tungsten. He is not oxidised, has a high resistance and is antimagnetic, but is relatively difficult to process.
- P --
Poincon de Geneve. This is a stamp of quality introduced in 1886. This indication may be worn only watches produced in the canton of Geneva. Regulations also prescribe a special quality of execution.
diver (watch). Tight up to 200m. Scale is provided with a marker that can be read in the dark. Ring of the adjustment can only rotate in one direction is to exclude handling errors.
Accuracy. The clock is one of the instruments for measuring the most accurate. A mechanism which deviates every day (86,400 sec) with less than 30 sec has an arithmetic error by 0035%, or, in other words, an accuracy of 99,965%. Cronometrele controlled official misconduct may have very low in the order of 0005%.
Private label. English term that designates specialized companies that produce watches for others. The process can include all phases, starting from design to delivery and marketing.
- Q --
Quantiema perpetuate (perpetual calendar). Mechanism complex schedule regardless, without manual correction of various lengths of months, until 2100. For watches quantiema perpetuate there in 1927 (Patek Philippe). Return manual models, produced in series there since 1941, with the automatic return of 1962.
- R --
Ratrapanta the chronograph. It showed an additional measure for two events that start at the same time, but have different durations. Aratatorul ratrapant is coupled in aratatorul chronograph, on the same shaft, through a supplementary mechanism, a large complex and as such very difficult to achieve. A special button allows ratrapantei stop reading and intermediate time accordingly. Next click the button has the effect of particularly fast moving aratatorului ratrapant chronograph aratatorul under which it is reached after the fly, as he continued to rotate. This operation can be repeated whenever it wants. Cronografe with ratrapanta first appeared in 1883. Watches with ratrapanta known in 1920. Mechanical watches with such a mechanism are quite rare and a special value, due to high degree of difficulty of achieving them.
adjustment. Regalarea precision of a mechanism in different positions and at different temperatures. Adjustment to a normal wristwatch, it controls the clock in two positions (dial up and crown up). It lead to differences of walking a maximum of 30 sec / day. Adjusting precision is a result of measurements in 5 different positions, and control is done at 3 different temperatures (4 °, 20 °, 36 °).
Rehaut. Edge around cadranului under glass. Can be used for submission of technical data. Currently lives in the Renaissance, being used to bring additional design elements.
Repetitie (clock). Notification acoustic elements of time. There are different repetitions. Beats a minute rehearsal hours, quarters and minutes from time. Some fight for themselves, others from pressing a button. To tell the hours and minutes example, be issued by sounds of different heights.
Resort (arc). Responsibility is the energy required to deliver other elements of the mechanical clock. He is set to barillet and bariletului tree. Since 1945 used in the manufacture of special alloys resorturilor iron-nickel-chromium, with the addition of cobalt-molybdenum-glucinium. It is collected, and strains resistant to virtually antimagnetice. They consist of a long elastic band and are run in the form of a spiral. As responsibility for dezarmeaza, torque delivered decreases, which influences the accuracy of walking. On watches with automatic winding torque remains virtually constant during the operation, if the watch is worn on a regular basis.
degrade (display). Relegate display is a couple minutes an hour jumped. The minutes showed through a scale effect in retrograde (reverse rotation in relation to those used a clock) and you get to zero hour, the number displayed in a window, with a rank. Then the minutes salt scale back to its beginning.
Book drive. Time left total return after the clock until the clock is located arc totally relaxed and the clock stops. Reserve walk can be shown in different ways on the dial.
Rubine (Jewels). Were used for the first time British orologerii to reduce friction in rotating axes and watch their great durability. Rubinele synthetic mechanisms are used to watch since 1902.
- S --
Scale tahimetrica. It is done on a scale cadranele cronografelor, which enables the determination of gear without difficulty environments. To this must be crossed a known distance, usually of one kilometer or one miles. At the point of departure, such as a terminal of mileage on the highway, is press the button chronograph, and it hit a time when the distance was covered. Chronograph Aratatorul indicate at that time the scale tahimetrica average speed with which it was covered that distance.
scale telemetry. Cronografelor scale on the dial for direct reading distance. The calculation is the difference between the speed of light (considered instantaneous) and sound. For example on the battlefield soldiers can determine the distance to the timing cannons adversaries time between light appears when you start receiving obuzului and noise caused by the explosion.
Scale hectometrica. Chronograph a scale that allows fluid flow calculation.
Schelet (clock). The dial back the clock and allow free viewing of the interior clock. Such watches parts of the mechanism are made with great care.
Secunda small (petite seconde) or peripheral second. Second look eccentric, that watches are often at 6. There are models with peripheral second at 9.
Central Secunda. Look who is second in the cadranului.
Automatic buzzer. Ring beginning to issue sound signals automatically. depending on the system, at (big bell) and the quarterfinals at (small ring) are reported to acoustic passage through those moments. Watches with automatic ring existed only about ten years.
ring with repetition. There are watches rehearsal with the quarter-hour to an optimal time to 5 minutes to one minute. Buzzer obtain their energy if they click a button and give it a sound signal, to the extent that the time required has been reached.
Spiral. It is "soul" of any mechanical watch, a resort that makes Coiled rocker to move regularly on the two directions of rotation. By variation spiral length change during oscilatiilor rocker.
Spiral autocompensator. It was invented in the early 30 and consists of an alloy of various metals intelligent which effectively compensates for variations in due to temperature fluctuations.
Spiral Breguet. -Abraham-Louis Breguet was the first to recognize the significance of a spire external necessary to "breathe" spiral and to ensure izocronismului.
Swiss Made. This designation may be used if the mechanism is in Switzerland and if in the case (emboitage) and control were made in Switzerland. A mechanism is considered Swiss if the Swiss manufacturing is at least 50% of the clock, without taking into consideration the costs mount.
- T --
Tahimetru. Scale on the dial or on a chronograph telescope, with which it can measure speed.
Tourbillon. Construction invented in 1795 by Abraham-Louis Breguet-that enables compensation errors due to the action of gravity force on the oscillating (rocker and spiral). tourbillon watch in oscillating system is placed in a cage, which rotates slowly around its axis.